Colored gemstone identification with treatment disclosure, standardized color description, and origin opinions stated with their confidence level.
Colored stones are identified, not assumed. Species and variety are established by measurement: refractive index on the refractometer, optic character under the polariscope, pleochroism through the dichroscope, absorption features through the spectroscope, and inclusions at the microscope.
Only after identification does description begin: color under controlled illumination against reference sets, and treatment examination before any opinion is written.
Treatments are common, legitimate, and disclosed. The report says what was found, in plain language.
| Treatment | How it is reported |
|---|---|
| Heat | “Evidence of heat” or “no evidence of heat”; the single most consequential line on a corundum report |
| Diffusion | Identified where surface-diffused color is detected |
| Fracture filling / oiling | Stated with the degree observed, the standard disclosure for emerald |
| Irradiation & dyeing | Disclosed where detected; stones with undisclosed treatments are reported as found, not as submitted |
Identification, treatment disclosure, and an opinion on geographic origin where inclusions, spectra, and trace evidence support one. The opinion is stated together with its confidence level; where the evidence is inconclusive, the report says so rather than guessing.
Identification, treatment disclosure, and a standardized description of color graded under controlled illumination against reference sets, so that “royal blue” means the same thing on every report that says it.
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